Which condition may promote biofilm formation in water systems?

Biofilm formation in water systems is influenced by various environmental conditions, and both high and low pH levels can contribute to its development.

At high pH levels, certain microbial species that thrive in alkaline conditions can flourish, leading to the aggregation of cells and the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are essential components of biofilms. Conversely, low pH can also create an environment supportive of specific microorganisms that tolerate acidic conditions, allowing them to adhere to surfaces and initiate biofilm formation.

Stable turbidity levels provide a conducive environment for microorganisms to settle and grow, but without specific pH levels being optimal, the overall ecological balance can be disrupted. High chlorine residual would typically inhibit microbial growth, while low temperatures can slow down metabolic processes, making them less favorable for biofilm development.

Thus, the range of pH, both high and low, plays a crucial role in influencing microbial behavior and promoting conditions that lead to biofilm formation in aquatic systems.