What health issue is caused by high concentrations of fluoride?

Fluorosis is a health issue that occurs due to excessive exposure to fluoride, particularly during childhood when teeth are developing. This condition primarily affects the enamel of the teeth, leading to changes in appearance that range from mild discoloration to severe staining and pitting of the enamel. Fluorosis is characterized by white spots or streaks on the teeth and, in more severe cases, can involve brown stains or surface irregularities.

The origins of fluorosis are tied to the levels of fluoride ingested, whether from drinking water, dental products, or dietary sources. While fluoride is beneficial in preventing dental cavities at appropriate levels, excessive intake can result in the adverse effects seen in fluorosis. This underscores the importance of monitoring fluoride levels in drinking water and dental products to maintain public health and prevent fluorosis from occurring in susceptible populations, especially young children.