What are potential effects of using chlorine as a water disinfectant?

The use of chlorine as a water disinfectant is widely appreciated for its effectiveness in eliminating harmful bacteria and pathogens, making water safer for consumption. However, one significant concern is the potential formation of harmful disinfection byproducts. When chlorine reacts with organic matter present in the water—such as natural organic materials, algae, and other contaminants—it can lead to the creation of byproducts like trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). These compounds have raised health concerns due to their potential carcinogenic effects.

In addition to the effectiveness of chlorine in killing harmful microorganisms, it is essential to recognize that while chlorine is a powerful disinfectant, it does not guarantee the complete removal of all pathogens or heavy metals, nor does it eliminate organic matter entirely. Understanding the balance of these effects is crucial in water treatment processes to ensure that water remains safe and free from harmful contaminants.